ANALISIS FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN ANEMIA PADA REMAJA PUTRI DI WILAYAH ASIA: STUDI SISTEMATIK REVIEW
Kata Kunci:
pemberian makanan tambahan, ikan laut, tinggi badan, berat badan, stuntingAbstrak
Latar Belakang: Anemia mempengaruhi sekitar 106 juta perempuan dan 103 juta anak-anak di Afrika dan sekitar 244 juta perempuan dan 83 juta anak-anak di Asia Tenggara. Berdasarkan data Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) tahun 2023 terdapat 18% perempuan mengalami anemia dan terdapat 15.5% remaja mengalami anemia. Anemia dapat memberikan dampak pada kesehatan dan kualitas hidup perempuan, gangguan perkembangan dan belajar pada anak, serta berpengaruh pada perkembangan dan produktivitas ekonomi suatu negara. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sistematik review mengikuti PRISMA guideline dengan memanfaatkan 3 database utama yaitu Pubmed, Sciencedirect dan Springer. Kata kunci utama yang digunakan adalah “risk factor”,”anemia”, “adolescent” dan “asia”. Hasil: Total artikel menggunakan kata kunci utama pada 3 database sebanyak 743 artikel. Setelah proses seleksi artikel didapatkan sebanyak 8 artikel eligible untuk proses review. Terdapat 3 artikel penelitian di Asia Tenggara, 4 artikel di Asia Selatan dan 1 artikel di Asia Timur. Faktor lingkungan/keluarga meliputi status ekonomi keluarga, pekerjaan orang tua, pendidikan ibu, dan lokasi tempat tinggal. Faktor pola makan yang berhubungan dengan anemia berkaitan dengan kualitas dan keberagaman makanan yang rendah. Faktor kesehatan diri/tubuh remaja yang berhubungan adalah tinggi badan, berat badan, IMT dan LILA. Kesimpulan: Faktor yang berhubungan dengan anemia dibagi menjadi 3 kategori, yaitu faktor lingkungan/keluarga, faktor pola makan dan faktor kesehatan diri/tubuh remaja. Peran tenaga kesehatan dapat dioptimalkan dalam perbaikan pola makan remaja dan peningkatkan kesehatan remaja putri melalui edukasi kesehatan yang terstruktur.
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